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<text id=91TT2912>
<title>
Dec. 30, 1991: Bully for a Good Cause
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
Dec. 30, 1991 The Search For Mary
</history>
<article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
BOOKS, Page 80
Bully for a Good Cause
</hdr><body>
<p>By Hugh Sidey/Washington
</p>
<qt>
<l>THE TRIUMPH & TRAGEDY OF LYNDON JOHNSON: THE WHITE HOUSE YEARS</l>
<l>By Joseph A. Califano Jr.</l>
<l>Simon & Schuster; 398 pages; $25</l>
</qt>
<p> Discovering the truth about Lyndon Johnson is like
conducting a monstrous archaeological dig, with authors
desperately collecting the shards from his mountainous record.
Some are intent on assembling the dark glints, while others
gather points of light. Joseph Califano, his closest aide on
domestic policy for 3 1/2 years, has delivered a hard, pure
nugget of L.B.J. that is close to the truth. Califano was there
taking notes.
</p>
<p> The deviousness, the bullying and the lying, which
ultimately consumed Johnson, are reported so graphically in some
passages that a reader must wonder how Califano or any other
person could work for such a tyrant. "Unzip your fly," L.B.J.
challenged Califano, when the aide believed he had cut a good
deal with Arkansas' wily Senator John McClellan. "There's
nothing there. John McClellan just cut it off with a razor so
sharp you didn't even notice it." Califano still marvels over
seeing Johnson crony Abe Fortas, by then a Supreme Court
Justice, counsel the President on how the government should
argue its case for the Penn Central Railroad merger, then
watching the merger approval come down from the court with the
majority opinion authored by Fortas.
</p>
<p> Johnson's distrust of Vice President Hubert Humphrey has
never been so starkly chronicled. He stripped Humphrey of
authority on civil rights programs in a brutal maneuver that
went through Califano. "He has Minnesota running-water disease,"
L.B.J. roared. "I've never known anyone from Minnesota that
could keep their mouth shut. It's just something in the water
out there." Johnson peevishly curtailed his political appointees
from helping Humphrey in the campaign of 1968; Humphrey lost to
Nixon by half a percentage point.
</p>
<p> But Califano hears and sees the larger purpose struggling
within that tortured man. Through the civil rights campaign and
the legislative battles on health, education and housing there
is a vision held high by Johnson, found even in his raw
Pedernales patois. "Niggah, niggah, niggah," Johnson shouted at
Califano after a meeting with Southern and Border state
Governors in 1966. "If I don't achieve anything else while I am
President, I intend to wipe that word out of the English
language."
</p>
<p> Johnson is the last President we have had who relished
domestic affairs. Califano's portrait shows that Johnson's
genius was in his uncanny insight and attention to detail. "You
look like an ice-cream salesman," Johnson told Califano when he
showed up in a light suit. Califano went dark gray.
</p>
<p> One of these years we may get somebody like Califano who
has a bit of poetry in him. But not yet. Califano bothers us
with a lot of irrelevant comings and goings around the White
House.
</p>
<p> Califano may not have intended it, but his story casts him
as a gentle usurper as L.B.J.'s power ebbs and his energy
fades. Califano smothered Johnson's vindictiveness before it
left the Oval Office. He just ignored stupid orders, and he
pushed his own policy choices on a dispirited boss, a man who
could work wonders in the back rooms but was blinded in the open
sunlight.
</p>
<p> This book is only one chapter in the long, complex Johnson
political odyssey. But it is a crucial one. Califano makes no
pretense at being inside or expert on Vietnam. Yet he does see
and report the malignancy of war and how the bewildered Johnson
raced that curse to the very end, finally losing, but not before
he had at least given the nation a glimpse of a Great Society.
</p>
</body></article>
</text>